Pinia 是 Vue 的专属状态管理库,可以实现跨组件或页面共享状态,是 vuex 状态管理工具的替代品,和 Vuex相比,具备以下优势
npm init vue@latest
npm i pinia
import { createPinia } from 'pinia'
const app = createApp(App)
// 以插件的形式注册
app.use(createPinia())
app.use(router)
app.mount('#app')
核心步骤:
- 定义store
- 组件使用store
1- 定义store
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
import { ref } from 'vue'
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', ()=>{
// 数据 (state)
const count = ref(0)
// 修改数据的方法 (action)
const increment = ()=>{
count.value++
}
// 以对象形式返回
return {
count,
increment
}
})
2- 组件使用store
<script setup>
// 1. 导入use方法
import { useCounterStore } from '@/stores/counter'
// 2. 执行方法得到store store里有数据和方法
const counterStore = useCounterStore()
</script>
<template>
<button @click="counterStore.increment">
</button>
</template>
getters直接使用计算属性即可实现
// 数据(state)
const count = ref(0)
// getter (computed)
const doubleCount = computed(() => count.value * 2)
思想:action函数既支持同步也支持异步,和在组件中发送网络请求写法保持一致 步骤:
- store中定义action
- 组件中触发action
1- store中定义action
const API_URL = 'http://geek.itheima.net/v1_0/channels'
export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', ()=>{
// 数据
const list = ref([])
// 异步action
const loadList = async ()=>{
const res = await axios.get(API_URL)
list.value = res.data.data.channels
}
return {
list,
loadList
}
})
2- 组件中调用action
<script setup>
import { useCounterStore } from '@/stores/counter'
const counterStore = useCounterStore()
// 调用异步action
counterStore.loadList()
</script>
<template>
<ul>
<li v-for="item in counterStore.list" :key="item.id"></li>
</ul>
</template>
直接基于store进行解构赋值,响应式数据(state和getter)会丢失响应式特性,使用storeToRefs辅助保持响应式
<script setup>
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
import { useCounterStore } from '@/stores/counter'
const counterStore = useCounterStore()
// 使用它storeToRefs包裹之后解构保持响应式
const { count } = storeToRefs(counterStore)
const { increment } = counterStore
</script>
<template>
<button @click="increment">
8
</button>
</template>